Seller Disclosures: What to Look For and What's Missing
Sellers in most states must disclose known material defects — problems that affect the property's value or safety. But they only have to disclose what they know (or should know). Here is how to read disclosures critically.
What's Typically Disclosed
Structural issues, water damage history, roof age and condition, HVAC age, plumbing and electrical problems, pest history, environmental hazards (lead paint, asbestos, radon), flood history, neighborhood nuisances, and any ongoing disputes with neighbors or the city. The specific form varies by state.
Red Flags in Disclosures
"Unknown" checked for everything is suspicious — a homeowner who lived in a house for 10 years should know the basics. Recent repairs to foundation, roof, or plumbing without explanation may signal bigger issues. Any mention of water intrusion, mold remediation, or foundation repair warrants follow-up with a specialist inspector.
What Disclosures Don't Cover
Sellers do not have to disclose issues they genuinely do not know about. Future development plans, neighborhood dynamics, and school quality changes are generally not disclosure items. Some states exempt certain sale types (foreclosures, estate sales) from disclosure requirements. Never rely solely on disclosures — always get a professional inspection.
Key Takeaways
- ✓Sellers must disclose known material defects — but only what they know about
- ✓"Unknown" checked across the board is a red flag worth investigating
- ✓Any history of water, mold, or foundation repair warrants specialist follow-up
- ✓Disclosures are a starting point — a professional inspection is still essential
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